Solar Power Supply System and Multi-parameter Monitoring Technology Application
The buoy-type water quality monitoring station is a key device for real-time water environment monitoring. Through solar power supply and integration of multi-parameter sensors, it enables long-term unattended monitoring of the aquatic environment. The system uses a spherical float as a carrier, integrating core parameters such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and conductivity. Combined with low-power design and remote data transmission technology, it is widely used in the management of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and other water bodies.
The system mainly consists of a monitoring sensor group, a data acquisition and transmission unit, a solar power supply system, and a float structure. The sensor modules adopt a modular design and communicate via RS485/MODBUS-RTU protocol, supporting simultaneous acquisition of parameters such as COD (UV254 absorption method, 0~500mg/L, accuracy ±5%), ammonia nitrogen (0-1000.00mg/L), and dissolved oxygen (electrochemical method). The data acquisition unit has a real-time clock and timed storage functions, and pushes data to a cloud platform via 2G/4G network, supporting remote access from multiple terminals.
The power supply system combines a 22.1V/50W solar panel with a 12VDC 20AH lithium battery, achieving a peak power consumption of ≤5W and a single sensor power consumption as low as 0.25W, ensuring intermittent operation for over 5 days even in cloudy or rainy weather. The float is a 414mm diameter engineering plastic spherical structure, weighing 22kg, and equipped with a 304 stainless steel filter cartridge protective cover, providing excellent corrosion resistance and wave resistance.
Technological innovations are reflected in three aspects: adaptive power management dynamically adjusts the acquisition frequency based on light intensity; the sensor integrates an ultrasonic cleaning device (0.7W) to periodically remove biofouling; and a temperature compensation algorithm corrects parameter drift, ensuring a measurement error of <±1% within the 0~50℃ range. The device supports plug-and-play sensor expansion, allowing for quick integration with new parameters such as chlorophyll and ORP. The cloud platform provides data curve analysis, threshold alarms, HJ-212 protocol forwarding, and other functions, supporting Excel export and map-based management to meet the needs of various environmental monitoring scenarios.
Application Scenarios and Practical Value: This system has been implemented in water environment management projects in Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. Taking a lake monitoring station as an example, the buoy station provides data support for tracing pollution sources in the watershed by real-time monitoring of ammonia nitrogen and COD concentrations; dissolved oxygen and pH value linkage analysis assists in assessing the risk of eutrophication; and historical data trend comparison verifies the effectiveness of pollution control projects. Its characteristics of requiring no external power supply and being easy to maintain significantly reduce the monitoring cost in remote waters, with annual operation and maintenance costs per station being more than 60% lower than traditional fixed monitoring stations.
With the advancement of smart environmental protection construction, buoy-type water quality monitoring stations are developing towards miniaturization, low power consumption, and multi-parameter capabilities. In the future, integrating AI algorithms to achieve early warning of water quality anomalies and combining satellite remote sensing data to build a comprehensive monitoring network will further improve the precision of water environment management and provide technical support for water resource protection and sustainable development.
